Ngā painga o te polyaluminum chloride tino whai hua i roto i te maimoatanga wai para

I te tere haere o te ahumahi, kua noho te tukunga parakaingaki hei take nui i roto i te tiaki taiao o te ao. Ko te kaupapa matua o te maimoatanga parakaingaki ko te whiriwhiri me te whakamahi ingā mea whakapūkarai roto i te tukanga purenga. I ngā tau tata nei, ko te polyaluminum chloride (PAC) he mea nui hei flocculant, kua noho hei "hua whetu" i roto i te umanga maimoatanga paru nā te mea he tino pai te mahi me te whānuitanga o ngā tono.

He matū pūmua kore-waro te pūhaumāota polyaluminium, he kaha tōna pānga whakapūpū. Ka whiwhihia mā te tauhohenga whakapūpū o te pūhaumāota konumohe me te hauwai konumohe i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā whakapūpū tote konumohe tuku iho (pēnei i te konumohe whanariki, te whakakōkī tote konumohe, me ētahi atu), he kaha ake te kaha o te pūhaumāota polyaluminium whai hua ki te tango i ngā poke, inā koa i te wā e pā ana ki te paru nui me te parahanga hinu nui. He tino pai te mahi ina tae mai ki te kounga wai. Kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā mara maha pēnei i te maimoatanga parakaingaki ā-tāone, te maimoatanga parakaingaki ā-umanga, me te maimoatanga parakaingaki ā-whare.

Ngā painga o te polyaluminum chloride tino whai hua

1. He mea whakamiharo te pānga o te flocculation

Ka taea e te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua te hanga tere i te maha o ngā putunga pai i roto i te wai, ā, ka mimiti pai i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, ngā matū colloidal me ngā moroiti i roto i te wai. Ka taea e ia te mimiti tere me te tango i ngā matūriki i whakatārewatia, te hinu, ngā iona konganuku taumaha me ētahi atu poke i roto i te wai. Ina koa ka pā ki te kounga wai uaua, he pai ake te pānga i ngā putunga tote konumohe tuku iho. I roto i te maimoatanga para, ka taea e te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua te whakanui ake i te tere taunga o te tāke whakatō i roto i te wā poto, ā, ka whakapotohia te huringa maimoatanga para.

2. Whānuitanga o te tono

Pūhaumāota polyaluminium tino whai huaKa taea te urutau ki ngā momo āhuatanga kounga wai, tae atu ki te wai paru nui, te wai para hinu nui, te wai kei roto ngā konganuku taumaha, me te wai paru iti-mahana, e whakaatu ana i te kaha urutau. Ka taea e ia te tango pai i te nuinga o ngā totoka me ngā poke i roto i te wai, ā, ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia i roto i te maimoatanga para i roto i ngā mara rerekē pēnei i te whakahaere ā-rohe, te ahumahi, me te keri maina. Hei tauira, i roto i te maimoatanga para o te whare, te wai para o te mira penupenu, te wai para whakarewa, te wai para o te umanga kai me ētahi atu āhuatanga, ka taea e te polyaluminum chloride teitei te whakatutuki i ngā hua maimoatanga pai rawa atu.

3. Iti te horopeta, teitei te whai huatanga me te penapena pūngao

Kua hangaia te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua hei whakatutuki i te iti o te horopeta me te pai ake o te pānga o te flocculation. Ko te horopeta mō te iti-pūngoi ko te 25-40% o te konumohe whanariki, ā, ko te horopeta mō te nui-pūngoi ko te 10-25% o te konumohe whanariki. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te utu o te whakamahi matū, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga pūngao me te paru i roto i te tukanga maimoatanga paru. Nā te iti o te toenga konumohe, ka whakaitihia te parahanga tuarua o ngā wai, ā, ka tino whakaitihia te utu whānui o te maimoatanga paru. Nō reira, kua waiho hei taputapu nui hei penapena utu me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga i roto i ngā mahi whai hua.

4. He pai mō te taiao

He iti ake te pānga o te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua ki te taiao, ā, he iti hoki ngā toenga konumohe. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu matū whakapūkara, he haumaru ake te polyaluminium chloride, ā, he iti ake te pānga ki te pH me te TA o te para, nō reira ka iti ake te hiahia mō ngā matū hei whakatika i te pH me te TA. Ina koa i roto i ngā kaupapa maimoatanga para nui me te tiaki taiao, kua waiho hei whiringa matomato ake, he pai ake hoki mō te taiao.

5. He pai mō te maimoatanga wai pāmahana iti me te wai paru nui

He wero noa te maimoatanga wai i ngā wā pāmahana iti. Ina koa i te takurua makariri, ka tino heke te whai huatanga o ngā momo wai whakapūkara tuku iho. Heoi, ka taea tonu e te polyaluminum chloride tino whai hua te pupuri i te pānga whakapūkara teitei i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti. Hei tāpiri, ina teitei te pōuri o te wai, ka whakaatuhia hoki e te PAC ngā kaha tukatuka kaha, ā, ka taea te tango pai i ngā matūriki iri me ngā matū colloidal i roto i te wai. Mō te wai he nui te parahanga hinu, he tino pai te pānga tango hinu o te polyaluminum chloride tino whai hua.

6. Whakarerekētia ki ngā awhe uara pH rerekē

He kaha te urutau o te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua ki ngā panonitanga o te pH wai, ā, ka taea te mahi pai i roto i te whānuitanga o te pH. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e te PAC te pupuri i te pānga pai o te flocculation i roto i te wai he iti ake (waikawa) he teitei ake rānei (kawakore), e whakawhānui ake ana i tōna whakamahinga i raro i ngā āhuatanga kounga wai rerekē. 5.0-9.0 vs 5.5-7.5

7. Whakapai ake i te pai o te whakatō me te whakaiti i te rahinga o te paru

Ka āwhina te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua ki te whakatere i te taunga o ngā matūriki totoka ki roto i te paru, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tāke whakapūmau mā te whakapai ake i te kiato me te taunga o ngā para. Hei tāpiri, nā te nui o te polymerization o te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua, ka piri ake, ka tere ake te taunga o ngā para, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o te paru e puta ana. He mea nui tēnei mō te maimoatanga me te whakakorenga paru i muri mai, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te utu me te uauatanga o te maimoatanga paru.

Ngā tauira whakamahinga o te polyaluminum chloride tino whai hua i roto i te maimoatanga wai para

1. Te maimoatanga paru ā-tāone

I roto i te mara o te maimoatanga paru o ngā tāone, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua i roto i ngā wāhanga maimoatanga o mua me te maimoatanga tuarua o ngā tipu wai. Ka taea e ia te tango i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, ngā matū colloidal, ngā huakita me ētahi atu moroiti i roto i te wai, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai, me te whakarato i tētahi puna wai kounga teitei ake mō te maimoatanga koiora i muri mai. Kua riro te PAC hei tētahi o ngā flocculants matua i roto i ngā tipu maimoatanga paru i roto i ngā tāone maha i te kāinga me tāwāhi.

2. Te maimoatanga wai para ahumahi

I roto i te mara o te maimoatanga waipara ahumahi, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te polyaluminium chloride tino whai hua. He pai te pānga maimoatanga ki ngā waipara ahumahi mai i te tā me te tae, te hanga pepa, te hiako, te whakakikorua hiko me ētahi atu ahumahi, ā, ka taea te tango pai i ngā poke pēnei i te tae, te COD me te BOD. Hei tauira, i roto i te mahi whakarewa, te hiko, te ahumahi matū, te hanga pepa, te tukatuka kai me ētahi atu ahumahi, ka taea e te PAC te āwhina ki te tango i ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā paru hinu, ngā matūriki iri me ētahi atu poke i roto i te wai. Ina koa i te maimoatanga o te waipara hinu, kua whakaatuhia e te PAC tōna kaha tango hinu pai rawa atu, ā, ka taea te whakaiti nui i te ihirangi hinu o ngā wai.

3. Te maimoatanga wai para o te maina

I roto i te mara o te maimoatanga wai para o te keri, ka taea e te polyaluminium chloride teitei-kaha te tango i ngā kohuke, ngā paru me ētahi atu mea e iri ana i roto i te wai, e tautoko ana i te hangarua wai me te whakaora taiao i roto i ngā wāhi keri. Nā te mea he uaua te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā wāhi keri, ā, he maha ngā wā kei roto he nui o ngā totoka iri me ngā konganuku taumaha, he tino pai te kounga teitei o te polyaluminium chloride teitei-kaha i roto i tēnei momo maimoatanga wai para.

I te nuinga o te wā,pūhaumāota polyaluminium tino whai hua, hei wai whakapūkara pai rawa atu mō te maimoatanga parakaingaki, he nui ngā painga hangarau me te taiao. Ina koa i roto i te take o te paru nui, te kounga wai uaua, me te parahanga hinu nui, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hua maimoatanga tino pai ake.