Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa i roto i te umanga hanga pepa mā te whakamahi i te polyacrylamide

PolyacrylamideHe tāpiringa whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i te umanga pepa. He pai rawa te polyacrylamide (PAM), he pūmua wairewa-wai, he pai te whakapūpū, te whakamātotoru, te horapa me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ka whakamahia ki ētahi tukanga rerekē me ngā mahi rerekē. I roto i te umanga hanga pepa, he mahi nui te PAM. Kua kawea mai e ia he painga ōhanga nui ki te umanga hanga pepa mā te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te penupenu me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā mīhini pepa. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamahinga o te polyacrylamide i roto i te hanga pepa me tōna pānga ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.

Ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi taketake o te polyacrylamide

He pūhui ngota ngota teitei te Polyacrylamide ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā momo kore-ionic, anionic, cationic me te amphoteric i runga i ōna āhuatanga utu. Ina rewa te PAM ki te wai, ā, mā tōna hanganga ngota mekameka roa ka taea e ia te whai i ngā mahi tino pai pēnei i te flocculation, te whakamātotoru, te āwhina pupuri, me te āwhina tātari. I roto i te umanga pepa, ka whakamahia te polyacrylamide i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Āwhina pupuri:

He mekameka roa te hanganga o ngā ngota PAM, ā, ka taea te piri ki te mata o ngā muka me ngā whakakī hei hanga piriti. Mā tēnei ka whakapai ake i te tere pupuri o ngā whakakī me ngā muka ki te tukutuku pepa. Ka whakaitihia te ngaronga o te muka i roto i te wai mā, ka whakaitihia hoki te ngaronga o ngā rauemi mata. Mā te whakanui ake i te tere pupuri o ngā whakakī me ngā muka, ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te pepa pēnei i te maeneene, te āheinga tā, me te kaha.

2. Āwhina tātari:

Whakapai ake i te mahi whakamaroke wai o te penupenu, tere ake te tukanga tātari wai me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao.

3. Kaiwhakarewa wai:

Whakateretere i te maroke o te paru: Ka taea e te PAM te whakapūpū i ngā muka iti, ngā whakakī me ētahi atu mea iri i roto i te penupenu hei hanga i ngā pūhui matūriki nui, hei whakateretere i te taunga me te maroke o te paru, me te whakaiti i ngā utu maimoatanga paru.

Whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai: Ka taea e te PAM te tango i ngā totoka me ngā mea rauropi i roto i te wai para, te whakaiti i te BOD me te COD i roto i te wai para, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai, me te whakaiti i te parahanga taiao.

4. Kaiwhakamarara:

Ārai i te kohikohinga muka: Ka taea e te PAM te ārai i te kohikohinga muka i roto i te penupenu, te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te penupenu, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te pepa.

Te whakamahinga o te polyacrylamide i roto i te hangarau hanga pepa

1. Te wāhanga whakarite penupenu

I te wā e whakarite ana i te penupenu, ka ngawari te ngaro o ngā muka me ngā whakakī ki roto i te wai para, ka puta he para rauemi me te poke taiao. Mā te whakamahi i te polyacrylamide cationic hei āwhina pupuri ka taea te hopu me te whakatika i ngā muka me ngā whakakī iti i roto i te penupenu mā te whakakore i te utu me te hono. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te ngaronga o ngā muka, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te taumaha o te maimoatanga wai para.

2. Pūnaha pito mākū mīhini pepa

I roto i te pūnaha pito mākū mīhini pepa, ko te tere o te whakamaroke te mea nui hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te polyacrylamide anionic, nonionic rānei hei āwhina tātari hei whakangāwari i te mawhiti o te wai mai i te hanganga whatunga muka mā te whakapai ake i te rere o te wai i waenga i ngā muka. Ka whakapotohia e tēnei tukanga te wā whakamaroke me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā whakamaroke.

3. Te atamira hanga pepa

Hei kaiwhakamarara, ka taea e te polyacrylamide te aukati i te rere o te muka, me te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga me te maeneene o te mata o te pepa. Mā te whiriwhiri tupato i te taumaha ngota me te kiato utu o te PAM, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te pepa kua oti, pērā i te kaha kume me te kaha haehae. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te polyacrylamide te whakapai ake i te pānga paninga o te pepa pania, me te whakapai ake i te mahi tā o te pepa.

Ngā painga matua o te polyacrylamide ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga

1. Whakaitihia te ngaronga o ngā rauemi mata

Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pupuri ka tino pai ake te pupuri o ngā muka pai me ngā whakakī i roto i te penupenu, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata, ā, ka penapena tika i ngā utu whakaputa.

2. Whakateretere i te tukanga whakamaroke

Mā te whakaurunga o ngā āwhina tātari ka pai ake te tukanga whakamaroke wai, ka tere ake te mahi a te mīhini pepa, ka poto ake hoki te huringa whakaputa. Ehara i te mea ka piki ake te kaha whakaputa takitahi anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga pūngao.

3. Whakaitihia te pēhanga maimoatanga wai para

Mā te whakapai ake i te pānga flocculation, ka taea e te polyacrylamide te whakaiti i te nui o ngā totoka i whakatārewatia i roto i te wai para, te whakaiti i te utaina o ngā whare maimoatanga wai para mai i te pūtake me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki taiao o ngā umanga.

4. Whakapai ake i te kounga o te pepa

Mā te whakamahinga o ngā mea whakamarara ka ōrite ake te tohatoha o te muka o te pepa, ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-tirohanga o te pepa, ā, ka whakarei ake i te whakataetae mākete o te hua.

Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pānga o te whakamahinga o te polyacrylamide

Hei whakatutuki i te whai huatanga katoa o te polyacrylamide, me arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Kōwhiringa tauira PAM

He rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō te taumaha ngota me te mātotoru o te PAM i ngā tukanga hanga pepa me ngā momo pepa rerekē. He pai te PAM taumaha ngota teitei mō te whakapūpū me te āwhina tātari, ko te PAM taumaha ngota iti ia he pai ake mō te horapa.

2. Te tāpiri i te nui me te tikanga tāpiri

Me tino whakahaere te nui o te PAM e tāpirihia ana. Mēnā ka nui rawa te nui, ka pāngia pea te mahi maroke, ka piki ake rānei ngā utu whakaputa. I taua wā anō, me whakamahi he tikanga tāpiri marara ōrite hei karo i te kohikohinga ā-rohe e pā ana ki te hua.

3. Ngā tikanga tukatuka

Ka pāngia te mahi a te PAM e te pāmahana, te pH me ngā āhuatanga o te wai. Hei tauira, ka pai te mahi a te PAM cationic i roto i ngā āhuatanga kūpapa ki te āhua waikawa paku, ko te PAM anionic ia he pai mō ngā taiao kawakore.

Hei tāpiringa maha-mahi i roto i te umanga hanga pepa, he mea nui te mahi a te polyacrylamide ki te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa me te whakapai ake i te kounga hua me ōna āhuatanga pai ki te flocculation, te pupuri, te tātari me te horapa. I roto i ngā tono mahi, me whiriwhiri me te arotau ngā kamupene i ngā tikanga whakamahinga o te PAM i runga i ō rātou ake āhuatanga tukanga me ngā hiahia kia tutuki ai ngā painga ōhanga me te taiao pai rawa atu.