He rauemi mata te huka mō ngā inu, ngā kai ngāwari, ngā kai tere, ngā monamona, ngā keke reka, me ngā ahumahi e pā ana. He maha hoki te whakamahinga hei mea kakara i roto i te oranga o ia rā. He whānuitia ōna whakamahinga, ā, he nui te hiahia. Ko te tikanga ka ahu mai te huka i ngā pīti huka me te sucrose. Ko te pīti huka te 20% o te hanga huka, ko te tō te 80%. Ko ngā kaihanga huka tō matua e rima o te ao ko Brazil, Īnia, Haina, Thailand, me Pakitāne. Ko ngā kaihanga pīti huka matua e rima o te ao ko Wīwī, te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana, Rūhia, me Turkey.
I te wā e hangaia ana te huka, ka puta he nui o te wai para me te wai huka. Me tukatuka ēnei wai para me te wai huka i te wā e tukatukahia ana, e tukuna ana rānei kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa. Ko te whakamārama te taahiraa tino nui o ēnei.
I roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei,Pūhaumāota Polyaluminiumkua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wheketere huka huri noa i te ao nā tōna tino whai huatanga me tōna pumau. Kua noho hei tētahi o ngā matū whakapūmau rongonui. Mai i te purenga o te wai huka ki te maimoatanga o te COD i roto i te wai para, ka tukuna e te PAC te otinga tino tika mō te umanga huka.
Te Whakamahinga o te PAC i roto i te Ahumahi Huka
Ka taea e te pūhaumāota polyaluminium te wawahi me te whakakotahi i ngā matūriki iri, ngā colloid me ngā mea waro rewa. He kaihoko whakamārama polymer inorganic tēnei me te nui o te polymerization me te nui o te charge density. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga huka mō:
- Te whakamārama i te wai tō, te wai pīti rānei.
- Tangohia te tae, whakaitihia te paru.
- Whakapai ake i te mahi whakapūtā me te tātari.
- Te maimoatanga o te wai para i mua i te tukunga atu, i te whakamahinga anō rānei.
He rerekē tēnei i ngā matū whakapūkara tuku iho pērā i te konumohe whanariki, te raima rānei, he whānui ake te mahi a te PAC i te pH, he iti ake te paru e puta mai ana, ā, he tere ake te tere whakapūkara.
Ka whakamahia te Polyaluminium Chloride hei whakamārama i te wai huka
Kei roto i te wai huka kāore anō kia tukatukahia ngā poke maha: ngā totoka iri, ngā muka tipu, ngā korori, ngā pūmua, ngā polysaccharides, ngā tae, te oneone, me ngā matūriki kore-waro, me ētahi atu. Ka pā ēnei poke ki te parakore o te wai huka, te pai o te tioata, te kounga o te huka kua oti, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e te PAC te tango i ngā poke iri me ngā poke kua rewa; ka kiia tēnei pānga he whakamārama.
Te Tikanga Mahi a te Polyaluminium Chloride i roto i te Whakamārama Wai
·Ka whakakorea e te utu pai o te polyaluminium chloride te utu kino o ngā colloids me ngā matūriki angiangi, ka kore ai e pumau.
·Ka hopu i ngā pūmua, i ngā matūriki onepu, i ngā pūhui tae me ētahi atu matū i roto i te wai, ka meinga kia hanga he putunga nui ake ka tere te tau ki roto i te whakamārama.
·Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e te PAC te mimiti i ngā matū e puta ai te tae wai, ka māmā ake te tae o te tirikara huka, ā, ka mārama ake te tae o te hua kua oti.
Ngā Painga o te PAC i roto i te Whakamaemae Wai
* He pai ake te whakaiti i te mārama me te tae o te wai
* He tere ake te taunga, he poto ake te wā noho
* I whakaitihia te pōuri o te wai kua mārama
* Te whakaiti i te tauine i roto i ngā mīhini whakapūngao me ngā whakamahana
* He nui ake te hua huka nā te kaha ki te whakatioata ake
* He iti ake te whakamahinga matū ki te whakataurite ki ngā matū whakakōkī tuku iho
* Te whakaiti i te rahinga paru me te whakangawari i te tātari paru
I te nuinga, ka whakapai ake te PAC i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te whakarei ake i te kounga o te hua huka whakamutunga.
Te Inenga e Manakohia ana mō te PAC hei Whakamārama i te Wai
Ko te horopeta noa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o te wai, te momo tō, te pīti rānei, me te parakore e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā whānuitanga horopeta noa ko:
Ko te horopeta o te PAC i roto i te wai tō mata he 20-50 mg/L
Ina whakamahia ngātahi me ngā mea whakapūkara āwhina, ko te kukū o te PAC he 10-30 mg/L.
Mō ngā wai hua poke-nui, mō ngā wai hua rānei o te wā ua, ko te inenga o te PAC he 40-80 mg/L.
Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakapai ake i te horopeta ko te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau inenga taiwhanga.
Whakatauhia te horopeta tino pai i runga i ngā momo paru rerekē o te wai huka.
Polyaluminium Chloride: Whakamahia mō te Maimoatanga o ngā Para o te Ahumahi Huka
Ki te tukuna te wai para o te umanga huka me te kore e tukatukahia, ka pā he raruraru ki ngā rauropi wai me te whenua. Hei tāpiri, ki te kore e tukatukahia katoatia te wai para o te umanga huka, ka puta he haunga kino ina tukuna ki te taiao. Ko ngā pūtake matua o te wai para mai i ngā wheketere huka ko ngā tukanga wai me te horoi, te pupuhi o te poihau, ngā tukanga tātari me te whakamārama, ngā mahi horoi taputapu, tae atu ki te wai whakapūmau me te wai whakamatao, me ētahi atu.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Wai Para o te Ahumahi Huka
Kei roto i tēnei momo wai para te nuinga o te wā i ngā mea rauropi (COD me te BOD), ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, ngā tae, ngā hinu me ētahi atu matū. He parauri te tae, he iti te pH, he haunga kino, he nui te ihirangi totoka katoa, ā, he nui te ōwehenga o ngā matū rauropi me ngā matū kore-rauropi kua rewa.
Te Mātāpono Mahi a te PAC i roto i te Maimoatanga Wai Para
Ka whakatutukihia e te PAC te maimoatanga waipara whai hua mā ngā huarahi e whai ake nei:
· Te totohu me te whakapūmau
Ka taea e ia te whakararuraru i te pumau o ngā totoka i whakatārewatia me ngā korori waro, ā, ka tere ake te hanganga o ngā para.
· Kua heke te hiahia mō te hāora matū me te hiahia mō te hāora koiora
Ka taea e te PAC te tango i ngā matū waro wairewa e hua ai te kawenga COD/BOD nui.
· Te whakakore tae
Ka taea e te PAC te mimiti i ngā matū chromogenic me ngā tae i roto i te wai para.
· Ka heke te rahinga o te paru
He nui ake te mātotoru o te paru i hangaia e te PAC, he kikī ake, ā, he māmā ake te whakahaere me te tango i te wai.
Ngā Hua o te PAC i roto i te Whakahaere Wai Para
- I runga i ngā āhuatanga o te wheketere, ka taea e te tere tango COD te eke ki te 60% ki te 85%.
- Kua tino pai ake te paru me te katoa o ngā totoka i whakatārewatia (TSS)
- Whakanuia te tere o te whakatōtō i roto i te whakamārama
- Ki te whakatauritea ki te konumohe, ki te tote rino rānei, he iti ake te hanga paru
- He pumau tana mahi i roto i te whānuitanga pH whānui (5-9)
- Kua whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā matū whakatikatika pH
- Te whakapai ake i te mahi a te pūnaha maimoatanga koiora
- Nā ēnei painga ka waiho a PAC hei whiringa pai mā ngā wheketere huka e whai ana i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te whakaiti i te utu.
Te Inenga PAC i Manakohia mō te Maimoatanga Wai Para
Ka rerekē te horopeta PAC i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te wai para:
Ko te kukū o te nuinga he 30–150 mg/L. Mō ngā wai para COD teitei, ko te kukū o te 100–200 mg/L.
Ina whakamahia tahi me ngā mea whakapūkara (pērā i te PAM), ko te kukū he 20–50 mg/L.
Mā te horopeta tika ka whai hua te whakamārama, me te kore e nui rawa te horomanga, te utu kore rānei.
Ngā Pūwāhi Tāpiri PAC i roto i te Maimoatanga Wai
Wāhanga Whakaora i mua:Koinei te kaupapa matua mō te tāpiri PAC, ka whakakorengia ai te pumau o ngā matūriki colloidal, ka whakaitihia hoki te pōuri.
I mua i te Whakatōtō me te Whakatakotoranga:Mā te whakakotahi i te PAC me te flocculant pēnei i te PAM i tēnei wā ka tutuki te mahi pai rawa atu mō te whakapūmau me te whakatō, ka whakapai ake i te māramatanga whānui o te wai me te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga.
Te Whakamahinga Tahi o te PAC me ētahi atu Flocculants
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia me te PAM (Polyacrylamide) hei whakapai ake i te kaha o te waikura.
Mō te kaha o te tae, ka taea te tāpiri i tētahi kaihoko tango tae.
Te pānga tino pai i te pH 6.5–7.5; ka taea te whakamahi i te raima hei whakatika i te pH.
Kua noho te Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) hei tāpiri matū tino nui i roto i te umanga huka hou nā te mea he tino whai hua, he pumau, he ngāwari hoki ki te urutau ki te whakamārama wai huka me te maimoatanga wai para. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū whakakōkī tuku iho, he maha ngā painga o te PAC: he whānui ake te awhe pH, he tere ake te taunga, he iti ake te hanga paru, me te nui ake o te whai huatanga mahi me te hua huka. Mā te whakahaere tika i te horopeta o te PAC me te whakakotahi me ngā matū whakakōkī āwhina pērā i te polyacrylamide (PAM), ka taea e ngā whare huka te whakatutuki i ngā hua whakamārama tino pai me te whai hua-utu.
Kei roto i "" ētahi atu kōrero mō te umanga hukaNgā Otinga Matū mō te Ahumahi Huka". Ko te tumanako, ka whai hua tēnei ki a koe."
Wā tuku: Hakihea-02-2025
