Whakakōkī PDADMAC: Te Whakahaere Haumaru, te Inenga, me te Aratohu Whakamahinga

He pūhui kationika tino whai hua te PolyDADMAC. E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te maimoatanga wai, te hanga pepa, ngā kakahu me ētahi atu mara nā te mea he hua whakamiharo tana ki te tango i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, te tango tae i te wai para me te whakapai ake i te mahi tātari. Hei matū waro tino whai huaKaiwhakakōkī, kua aro nui te iwi ki te whakahaere haumaru, te horopeta me te whakamahinga o te PDADMAC. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā aratohu taipitopito mō te whakahaere haumaru, te horopeta kua tūtohutia me ngā tikanga whakamahinga pai rawa atu o ngā matū PDADMAC hei āwhina i a koe ki te arotau i te mahi me te whakarite i te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

He pūhui raina-wairewa te PDADMAC, he kaha ngā utu pai. I te nuinga o te wā e wātea ana i roto i te āhua wai (20%–40% te kukū), ā, i ētahi wā i roto i te āhua paura mō ngā whakamahinga motuhake. He hototahi ki te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga pH (mai i te pH 3 ki te 10) ā, he pai te mahi i roto i te wai pōuriuri iti me te wai pōuriuri teitei.

Ngā āhuatanga matua oPolyDADMAC:

* Āhua: Wai matotoru kore tae ki te kōwhai mā

* Utu ionic: Cationic

* Wairewatanga: Wairewa rawa i te wai

* pH: 4–7 (1% otinga)

* Taumaha ngota: Ka rerekē pea mai i te iti ki te teitei i runga i te whakamahinga

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Ngā tono o te PDADMAC

E whakamahia whānuitia ana te PDADMAC i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:

1. Te Maimoatanga Wai me te Wai Para: Hei kaiwhakapūmau matua, hei āwhina rānei i te whakapūmau, ka whakapai ake te PDADMAC i te whakapūmau me te whakamaroke paru i roto i te maimoatanga wai para ā-tāone me ngā ahumahi.

2. Te Ahumahi Penupenu me te Pepa: Ka whakapai ake i te pupuri me te rerenga wai, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te pepa, ā, ka mahi hei whakapiri mō te para anionic.

3. Ahumahi Kakahu: Hei tāpiri tae, hei whakapai ake i te pumau o te tae.

4. Mara Hinu me te Keri: Whakamahia mō te whakamārama wai, te maimoatanga paru, me te pakaru o te emulsification.

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Te Whakahaere Haumaru i te PDADMAC

Ahakoa e kiia ana he iti te paitini o te PDADMAC, me whai tonu i ngā tikanga whakahaere tika hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me te ārai i ngā pānga ki te taiao.

1. Ngā Taputapu Tiaki Whaiaro (PPE)

* Mauria he karapu ātete ki ngā matū, he kākahu tiaki, me ngā mōhiti tiaki.

* Mēnā he hauā, he kohu rānei, whakamahia he ārai manawa e tika ana.

2. Ngā Tikanga Rokiroki

* Penapena ki tētahi wāhi hauhautanga, maroke, ā, he pai te hauhautanga.

* Puritia kia mau te hiri o ngā ipu.

* Āta karohia te hukapapa, te roa rānei o te wā e pāngia ana e ngā pāmahana tiketike.

3. Ngā Mahi Āwhina Tuatahi

* Pā ki te kiri: Horoia ki te nui o te wai, kātahi ka tangohia ngā kākahu kua poke.

* Pā ki ngā kanohi: Horoia ngā kanohi ki te wai mō te 15 meneti pea.

* Manawa: Neke atu ki te hau hou, ka rapu awhina hauora mēnā ka mau tonu ngā tohu.

* Horomanga: Kaua e akiaki kia ruaki. Horoia te waha, ka rapu tohutohu hauora.

Aratohu Inenga PDADMAC

Ko te horopeta tino pai o te PDADMAC e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamahinga motuhake, ngā āhuatanga o te wai, me ngā whāinga maimoatanga. Kei raro nei ngā taunakitanga horopeta whānui:

Kia mōhio: E taunakihia ana kia whakahaerehia he whakamātautau ipu, he whakamātautau rānei hei whakatau i te horopeta tino whai hua i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te wāhi.

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Ngā Tikanga Whakamahinga

Ka taea te tāpiri tika i te PDADMAC ki roto i te awa wai, te whakaranu rānei ki ētahi atu matū i roto i te pūnaha ine. Anei ētahi aratohu mō ngā hua tino pai:

1. Whakaranutanga: Ka taea te whakaranu i te wai PDADMAC ki te wai i te ōwehenga o te 1:5 ki te 1:20 i mua i te horopeta kia pai ake ai te horapa.

2. Te whakaranu: Kia tino pai, kia ōrite hoki te whakaranu i roto i te pūnaha maimoatanga kia nui ake ai te hanganga o te floc.

3. Raupapa: Ki te whakamahia me ētahi atu mea whakapūkara (hei tauira, polyacrylamide), tāpirihia te PDADMAC i te tuatahi kia nui ai te wā tauhohe.

4. Aroturuki: Me aro turuki tonu i te paru, te rahinga o te paru, me ētahi atu tohu matua hei whakarerekē i te horopeta i te wā tonu.

Ngā Whakaaroaro Taiao

E kiia ana te PDADMAC he mea haumaru mō te taiao ina whakamahia tika. Heoi, mā te nui rawa o te tukunga ka pā ki ngā mea ora i roto i te wai nā te kaha o te kationika. Me whai tonu i ngā ture ā-rohe mō te tukunga wai para, me te karo i te tukunga kore whakahaere ki roto i ngā wai tūturu.

Ahakoa kei te whakahaere koe i tētahi wheketere maimoatanga ā-tāone, kei te whakahaere i tētahi whare tae kakahu, kei te mahi rānei i roto i te umanga penupenu me te pepa, ka tukuna e PDADMAC he mahi pono me ngā hua pumau.

Mena kei te rapu koe i tētahi mea ponoKaiwhakarato PDADMACme te kounga pumau me ngā kōwhiringa takai ngāwari, tēnā whakapā mai ki tā mātou tīma hangarau mō tētahi otinga ritenga e hāngai ana ki ō hiahia ahumahi.