Ngā Matū Kaukau - Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Koe
I te raumati wera, ko te kaukau te whiringa tuatahi mō ngā mahi whakangahau. Ehara i te mea ka kawea mai he mātao me te harikoa anake, engari ka āwhina hoki i te tangata kia noho hauora. Kātahi, he mea nui te tiaki i te puna kaukau, he mea e pā tika ana ki te haumaru o te wai puna kaukau me te whai huatanga o te whakahaere taputapu. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga he raupapa o ngā otinga ngaio me te tino pai mō ngā raruraru noa i roto i te tiaki puna kaukau, i hangaia hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakahaere puna kaukau me ngā kaihoe ki te whakatau ngāwari i ēnei raruraru me te pārekareka ki tētahi taiao kaukau ma, haumaru me te whakamarie.
I mua i te tuhinga, me titiro tātou ki ētahi ariā nui hei āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki ngā mea e whai ake nei.
Te Ihirangi Haumāota e Wātea ana:E pā ana tēnei ki te nui o te chlorine ka taea e te chloride te waikura, i te nuinga o te wā he ōrau, e pā ana ki te whai huatanga me te kaha patu huakita o ngā patu huakita.
Haumāota Koreutu (FC) me te Haumāota Whakakotahi (CC):Ko te chlorine kore utu he waikawa hypochlorous kore utu, he hypochlorite rānei, tata kore kakara, he tino pai te patu huakita; ko te chlorine whakakotahi ko te tauhohenga ki te hauota haukini, pērā i te werawera me te mimi, hei whakaputa chloramine, ehara i te mea he kakara kaha te whakapataritari, engari he iti hoki te pai o te patu huakita. Ina kore e ranea te chlorine, ā, he nui te taumata hauota haukini, ka hangaia te chlorine whakakotahi.
Waikawa Cyanuric (CYA):Ka taea e te CYA, he mea whakaū i te wai i roto i te puna kaukau, te pupuri i te pumau o te waikawa hypochlorous i roto i te puna kaukau, me te aukati i tōna pirau tere i raro i te rā, kia mau tonu ai te pānga patu huakita. Ka taea e tēnei te aukati i te tipu o ngā huakita me ngā rimurimu, me te pupuri i te wai kia mārama, kia ma. Me mōhio ko te taumata CYA. He mea nui kia mōhio ko ngā taumata CYA kaua e neke ake i te 100 ppm.
Te Runga o te Haumāota:Mā te whakanui ake i te hauota i roto i te puna kaukau, ka tere te piki o te taumata o te hauota i roto i te wai i roto i te wā poto hei whakatutuki i te patu huakita tere, te whakahoromata, te whakatau rānei i ngā raruraru kounga wai.
Ināianei, ka kōrerohia e mātou me pēhea te whakaoti rapanga i roto i te tiaki i te puna kaukau.
Ngā Matū Kaukau -- Te Mea Matua ki te Pupuri i te Kounga o te Wai Kaukau
>1.1 Patu Patu Kaukau -- Ka Patu i ngā Huakita me ngā Huaketo
Me whai akuaku pai te kounga o te wai kia kore ai ngā kauhoe e pangia e ngā mate wai. Mā te whakamahi tika i ngā patu huakita ka taea tēnei te whakatutuki. Ko te tikanga whānui, ko te patu huakita chlorine, te patu huakita bromine me te patu huakita PHMB ngā tikanga noa hei patu huakita i ngā puna kaukau.
1.1.1 Te Whakamate i te Hauota
He tikanga noa, he tikanga whai hua hoki te patu huakita i roto i ngā puna kaukau mō te kounga o te wai. Ka puta he waikawa hypochlorous i roto i te wai, ka taea te whakangaro i te hanganga pūtau o ngā huakita, ngā huaketo me ētahi atu moroiti, kia tutuki ai te patu huakita. Ko ngā matū chlorine e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete ko te Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, te Trichloroisocyanuric Acid me te Calcium Hypochlorite.
- Konutai Dichloroisocyanurate, arā, ko te SIDC, ko te NaDCC rānei, he patu huakita tino whai hua, he mea hanga ki ngā paura mā. Kei roto ko te 55%-60% o te chlorine e wātea ana, ka taea te patu i ngā huakita, ngā huaketo me ngā rimurimu, ka whakarato i tētahi taiao kaukau haumaru, hauora hoki. Ehara i te mea he haumaru noa te SDIC, engari ka taea hoki te penapena mō te wā roa, e whai mana ana mō te neke atu i te rua tau i raro i ngā āhuatanga e tika ana. Nā te mea he teitei te wairewa o te SDIC me te tere memeha, ka taea te whakamahi pai ki te maimoatanga ru o te puna kaukau, i taua wā, he iti noa te pānga ki te taumata pH o ngā puna kaukau. Ā, he chlorine pumau te SDIC, nō reira kāore e hiahiatia kia tāpirihia he CYA. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te tāpiri i tētahi kaihoko pupuhi ki te SDIC hei hanga papa pupuhi, he nui ake te tere memeha i ngā papa SDIC parakore, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te patu huakita o te whare.
Pāwhiritia te hononga hei tiro i ngā taipitopito mō te hua
Pāwhiritia te hononga hei tiro i ngā taipitopito mō te hua
- Waikawa Trichloroisocyanuric (TCCA)He patu huakita tino whai hua anō hoki te TCCA, kei roto i tēnei matū tae atu ki te 90% o te chlorine e wātea ana. Pērā i te SDIC, he chlorine pumau te TCCA, kāore e hiahiatia he CYA ina whakamahia ki roto i ngā kaukau, engari ka whakaiti i te taumata pH o te wai kaukau. Nā te mea he iti te wairewa o te TCCA, ā, he puhoi te tere whakarewa, he maha ngā wā kei roto i te āhua o ngā papa, ā, ka whakamahia ki roto i ngā whāngai, i ngā ipu tohatoha rānei. Engari nā tēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e te TCCA te tuku tonu me te pumau i te waikawa hypochlorous ki roto i te wai, kia mau tonu ai te ma o te kaukau me te pānga patu huakita mō te wā roa. Haunga tēnā, ka taea te hanga i te TCCA hei papa maha-mahi me ngā āhuatanga whakamārama me te patu rimurimu iti.
Konupūmā Hypochlorite, e mōhiotia ana ko te CHC, he matū kore-waro i roto i te ahua o ngā matūriki mā ki te mā-parauri, ko tētahi o ngā patu huakita e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tiaki kaukau. Ko tōna ihirangi chlorine e wātea ana he 65%, 70 rānei%. Kāore i rite ki te SDIC me te TCCA, he chlorine kore-pūmau te CHC, ā, kāore e whakanui ake i te taumata CYA i roto i te kaukau. Nō reira, ki te mea he take kounga wai nui me aro atu, ā, he taumata CYA teitei i roto i te kaukau, he pai te CHC mō te ru kaukau. He uaua ake te CHC i te whakamahi i ētahi atu patu huakita chlorine. Nā te mea he nui te nui o ngā mea kore-rewa kei roto i te CHC, me whakarewa me te whakamārama i mua i te ringihanga ki roto i te kaukau.
Pāwhiritia te hononga hei tiro i ngā taipitopito mō te hua
1.1.2 Te Whakamate Pūromine
Kua rongonui hoki te patu huakita bromine i roto i te tiaki kaukau nā te mea he ngawari, he roa hoki te pānga patu huakita. Kei roto i te wai te bromine i te ahua o te HBrO me te bromine ion (Br-), ā, he kaha te waikura o te HBrO, ā, ka taea te patu i ngā huakita, ngā huaketo me ētahi atu moroiti. Ko te Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin he matū e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te patu huakita bromine.
Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), he momo patu huakita bromine utu nui, he mea hanga i roto i ngā papa ma, he 28% te chlorine e wātea ana, ā, 60% te bromine e wātea ana. Nā te iti o te wairewa me te puhoi o te tere whakarewa, he mea whakamahi noa te BCDMH i roto i ngā wāhi mirimiri me ngā kaukau wera. Heoi, he iti ake te kakara o te bromine BCDMH i te chlorine, nō reira ka whakaitihia te riri ki ngā kanohi me te kiri o ngā kauhoe. I taua wā anō, he pai te pumau o te BCDMH i roto i te wai, ā, kāore e ngāwari te pāngia e te pH, te hauota hauota me ngā taumata CYA, e whai hua ana ki te whakarite i tōna whai huatanga patu huakita. Nā te mea kāore te bromine e whakauhia e te CYA, kia tūpato kei whakamahia i roto i ngā puna kaukau o waho.
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1.1.3 PHMB / PHMG
Ko te PHMB, he wai mārama kore tae, he matūriki mā rānei, he tino wairewa tōna āhua totoka ki te wai. I tētahi taha, kāore e puta he haunga pūromine mā te whakamahi i te PHMB, ā, ka ārai i te mumura o te kiri, i tētahi atu taha, kāore e hiahiatia kia whakaarohia te raruraru o ngā taumata CYA. Heoi, he nui te utu o te PHMB, ā, kāore e hototahi ki ngā pūnaha chlorine me te pūromine, ā, he uaua te whakawhiti, nō reira, ki te kore e tino whai i te tikanga whakamahi PHMB, ka nui te raruraru. He rite tonu te whai huatanga o te PHMG ki te PHMB.
>1.2 Taurite pH
Ko te taumata pH tika ehara i te mea ka whakanui noa i te whai huatanga o te patu huakita, engari ka ārai hoki i te waikura me te putunga unahi. Ko te pH o te wai i te nuinga o te wā he 5-9, ko te pH e hiahiatia ana mō te wai puna kaukau kei waenganui i te 7.2-7.8. He mea tino nui te taumata pH mō te haumaru o te puna kaukau. Ko te iti o te uara, ko te kaha ake o te waikawa; Ko te teitei ake o te uara, ko te nui ake o tōna taketake.
1.2.1 Taumata pH Teitei (teitei ake i te 7.8)
Ina neke atu te pH i te 7.8, ka kawakore te wai puna kaukau. Ka whakaitihia te whai huatanga o te chlorine i roto i te puna kaukau e te pH teitei ake, ā, ka iti ake te whai huatanga o te patu huakita. Ka raru pea te kiri o ngā kauhoe, ka pōuri te wai puna kaukau, ā, ka mimiti haere ngā taputapu puna kaukau. Ina teitei rawa te pH, ka taea te tāpiri i te pH Minus (Sodium Bisulfate) hei whakaiti i te pH.
1.2.2 Taumata pH Iti (iti iho i te 7.2)
Ina iti rawa te pH, ka waikawa te wai o te puna kaukau, ka waikura, ka puta he maha o ngā raruraru:
- Ka taea e te wai waikawa te whakapataritari i ngā kanohi me ngā awa ihu o ngā kauhoe, ka maroke hoki ō rātou kiri me ō rātou makawe, ā, ka mākūkū te kiri;
- Ka taea e te wai waikawa te waikura i ngā mata whakarewa me ngā taputapu kaukau pērā i ngā arawhata, ngā reera, ngā rama me tetahi atu whakarewa i roto i ngā papu, ngā tātari, ngā whakamahana rānei;
- Ka taea e te pH iti o te wai te whakakino me te pirau o te gypsum, te sima, te kōhatu, te raima me te taera. Ka pakarukaru hoki tetahi mata winīri, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te ngatata me te haehae. Ka mau katoa ēnei kohuke rewa ki roto i te wai puna kaukau, ka paru, ka pōuri hoki te wai puna kaukau;
- Hei tāpiritanga, ka tere te ngaro o te hauota kore utu i roto i te wai, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te tipu o ngā huakita me ngā rimurimu.
Ina iti te taumata pH o te puna kaukau, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i te pH Plus (Sodium Carbonate) hei whakanui ake i te pH kia noho tonu te pH o te puna kaukau ki te awhe 7.2-7.8.
Kia mōhio: I muri i te whakarerekētanga o te taumata pH, kia tino whakarerekētia te kawakore katoa ki te awhe noa (60-180ppm).
1.3 Te Kawakore Katoa
Haunga te taumata pH taurite, ka pāngia hoki te pumau me te haumaru o te kounga wai puna kaukau e te kawakore katoa. Ko te kawakore katoa, arā, ko te TC, e tohu ana i te kaha tiaki pH o te wai. Ka uaua te whakahaere i te pH i te TC teitei, ā, ka arahi pea ki te hanganga unahi ina tino teitei te pakeke o te konupūmā; Ka taea e te TC iti te whakararu i te pH, ka uaua ki te pumau i roto i te awhe pai. Ko te awhe TC pai ko te 80-100 mg/L (mō ngā puna kaukau e whakamahi ana i te chlorine pumau) 100-120 mg/L rānei (mō ngā puna kaukau e whakamahi ana i te chlorine pumau), tae atu ki te 150 mg/L mēnā he puna kaukau kua whakakikoruatia ki te kirihou. E taunakihia ana kia whakamātauria te taumata TC kotahi i te wiki.
Ina iti rawa te TC, ka taea te whakamahi i te Sodium Bicarbonate; ina teitei rawa te TC, ka taea te whakamahi i te Sodium Bisulfate, te Waikawa Hydrochloric rānei hei whakakore i te hau. Engari ko te huarahi tino whai hua ki te whakaiti i te TC ko te whakawhiti i te wai wāhanga; tāpirihia rānei he waikawa hei whakahaere i te pH o te wai puna kaukau i raro i te 7.0, ā, whakamahia he pupuhi hei pupuhi i te hau ki roto i te puna kaukau hei tango i te hauhā waro kia heke rā anō te TC ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana.
1.4 Te pakeke o te konupūmā
Ko te pakeke o te konupūmā (CH), he whakamātautau taketake mō te taurite o te wai, e pā ana ki te mārama o te puna kaukau, te pakari o ngā taputapu me te whakamarie o te kaikauhoe.
Ina iti te CH o te wai puna kaukau, ka memeha te pakitara o te puna raima, ā, ka ngāwari te pupuhi; mā te nui o te CH o te wai puna ka ngāwari te hanga unahi, ka whakaiti hoki i te whai huatanga o te patu kapia parahi. I taua wā anō, ka pā kino te unahi ki te pai o te whakawhiti wera o te whakamahana. E taunakihia ana kia whakamātauria te pakeke o te wai puna kotahi i te wiki. Ko te awhe pai o te CH ko te 180-250 mg/L (puna kirihou) 200-275 mg/L rānei (puna raima).
Mena he iti te CH i roto i te puna kaukau, ka taea te whakanui ake mā te tāpiri i te Konupūmā Hauota. I te tukanga tāpiri, me aro nui ki te whakahaere i te horopeta me te tohatoha ōrite kia kore ai e nui rawa te kukū ā-rohe. Mena he nui rawa te CH, ka taea te whakamahi i te tango unahi hei tango i te unahi. I te wā e whakamahia ana, kia tino whai i ngā tohutohu kia kore ai e kino ngā taputapu puna kaukau me te kounga o te wai.
1.5 Te pōuriuri
He tohu nui anō hoki te paru i roto i te tiaki i te puna kaukau. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa te wai kapua ki te āhua me te āhua o te puna kaukau, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te pānga o te patu huakita. Ko te pūtake matua o te paru ko ngā matūriki iri i roto i te puna kaukau, ka taea te tango atu mā ngā mea whakapūkara. Ko te mea whakapūkara tino noa ko te Konumohe Sulfate, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia te PAC, he pono, he tokoiti ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i te PDADMAC me te Pool Gel.
1.5.1 Konumohe Whāwhā
Konumohe Wheat(e kiia ana hoki ko te Alum) he mea whakapūpū pai rawa atu hei pupuri i tō puna kaukau kia ma, kia mārama hoki. I roto i te maimoatanga puna kaukau, ka rewa te alum ki roto i te wai hei hanga i ngā pūpū e kukume ana, e herea ana hoki ki ngā totoka me ngā poke i roto i te puna kaukau, kia māmā ake ai te wehe atu i te wai. Ina koa, ka āta waikura te alum i rewa ki roto i te wai hei hanga i te kōroiti Al(OH)3 e utua pai ana, e mimiti ana i ngā matūriki i rewa i roto i te wai e utua kino ana, kātahi ka tere te whakakotahi me te maturuturu ki raro. Whai muri i tēnā, ka taea te wehe i te paru mai i te wai mā te ua, mā te tātari rānei. Heoi, he ngoikoretanga tō te alum, arā, ina iti te pāmahana o te wai, ka puhoi, ka wetekina te hanganga o ngā pūpū, ka pā ki te pānga o te totoka me te whakapūpū o te wai.
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1.5.2 Pūhaumāota Polyaluminium
Pūhaumāota PolyaluminiumKo te (PAC) he matū e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te maimoatanga wai puna kaukau. He matū whakapūkara polymer kore-waro e whai wāhi nui ana ki te pupuri i te kounga o te wai mā te tango pai i ngā matūriki iri, ngā colloid me ngā mea waro. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki e te PAC te tango i ngā rimurimu mate i roto i te puna kaukau hei whakahaere i te tipu o ngā rimurimu. Me mōhio ko te konumohe me te PAC he matū whakapūkara konumohe. I te whakamahinga o te matū whakapūkara konumohe, me whakarewa te matū whakapūkara i mua i te tāpiri atu ki te puna kaukau, kātahi ka waiho te papu kia mahi kia marara katoa te matū whakapūkara ki roto i te wai puna kaukau. Whai muri i tēnā, whakawetohia te papu ka noho mārire. Ina totohu ngā paru ki raro i te puna kaukau, me whakamahi koe i te horoi korehau hei mimiti i a rātou.
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1.5.3 PDADMAC me te Pūwero Wai
PDADMAC me te Wai Pūrauhe mea whakapūpū waiora ēnei e rua. Ina whakamahia, ka tātarihia ngā pūpū wai kua hangaia e te tātari onepu, ā, kia mahara ki te horoi i te tātari i muri i te otinga o te whakapūpū wai. Ina whakamahia te PDADMAC, me whakarewa i mua i te tāpiri atu ki te puna kaukau, ko te Pool Gel ia me whakanoho noa ki roto i te skimmer, he tino watea. Ki te whakatauritea ki te konumohe me te PAC, he ngoikore te mahi whakapūpū wai o ngā mea e rua.
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1.6 Te Tipu o te Rimu
He raruraru noa, he raruraru hoki te tipu o te rimurimu i roto i ngā puna kaukau. Ehara i te mea ka pā ki te āhua o te puna kaukau anake, ka pōuriuri hoki te wai o te puna kaukau, engari ka puta hoki he huakita hei whakatipu, ka pā ki te hauora o ngā kaihoe. Nā, me kōrero tātou me pēhea te whakaoti rapanga rimurimu kia tino tika.
1.6.1 Ngā Momo Rimu
Tuatahi, me mōhio tātou he aha ngā rimurimu kei roto i te puna kaukau.
Ngā rimurimu matomato:Ko te rimurimu tino kitea i roto i ngā puna kaukau, he tipu matomato iti tēnei. E kore e taea e ia te mānu noa i roto i te wai puna kaukau hei whakakakariki i te wai puna kaukau, engari ka piri hoki ki te pakitara, ki te raro rānei o te puna kaukau hei whakapahekeheke.
Ngā rimurimu kikorangi:He momo huakita tēnei, he kikorangi, he kakariki, he mangu rānei te āhua o ngā miro e mānu ana, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te tupu whānui. Ā, he nui ake tōna manawanui ki ngā patu algicide i ngā rimurimu kakariki.
Ngā rimurimu kōwhai:He chromista tēnei. Ka tipu i runga i ngā pakitara me ngā kokonga o te puna kaukau kua whakamāramahia ki muri, ā, ka puta he ira kōwhai, koura, parauri-kakariki rānei. He tino manawanui ngā rimurimu kōwhai ki ngā patu rimurimu, engari he pai te nuinga o te wā mō ngā patu rimurimu parahi.
Ngā rimurimu pango:Pērā i te rimurimu kikorangi, he momo huakita tēnei. He maha ngā wā ka tipu te rimurimu pango i roto i ngā puna kaukau raima, ka puta he ira pango hinuhinu, parauri, kikorangi-pango rānei, he rārangi rānei, he rite te rahi ki te pito pene i runga i ngā pakitara o te puna kaukau. Nā te mea he tino ātete te rimurimu pango ki ngā patu rimurimu, ko te tikanga ka taea anake te whakakore mā te whakamahi i te nui o te chlorine shock me te horoi tupato.
Ngā rimurimu māwhero:He rerekē tēnei i ētahi atu rimurimu, he harore tēnei e puta tata ana ki te rārangi wai, ā, he rite ki ngā ira māwhero, ki ngā whitiki rānei. Ka taea e ngā tote ammonia quaternary te patu i ngā rimurimu māwhero, engari nā te mea e puta tata ana ki te rārangi wai, ā, kāore e pā ki te wai puna kaukau, kāore e pai te pānga o ngā matū i roto i te wai, ā, me paraihe ā-ringa.
1.6.2 Ngā Take o te Tipu o te Rimu
Ko te korenga o ngā taumata hauwaiora, te kore taurite o te pH, me ngā pūnaha tātari koretake ngā tino take o te tipu o te rimurimu. Ka whai wāhi hoki te ua ki te puāwaitanga o te rimurimu. Ka taea e te ua te horoi i ngā pua rimurimu ki roto i te puna kaukau, ka whakararuraru i te taurite o te wai, ka hanga he taiao pai mō te tipu o te rimurimu. I taua wā anō, ka piki ake te pāmahana raumati, ka piki ake te pāmahana wai o te puna kaukau, ka hanga he āhuatanga tipu mō ngā huakita me ngā rimurimu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakaputa rimurimu e ngā poke e mau ana i ngā kauhoe, pērā i ngā kākahu kaukau e mau ana rātou me ngā taonga takaro e takarohia ana e rātou i roto i ngā roto, i te wai moana rānei.
1.6.3 Ngā Momo Patu Ārai
I te nuinga o te wā, e rua ngā tikanga matua mō te patu i ngā rimurimu: te patu rimurimu ā-tinana me te patu rimurimu matū. Ko te patu rimurimu ā-tinana e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini waru rimurimu ā-ringa, ā-aunoa rānei hei tango i ngā rimurimu mai i te mata o te wai. Heoi, kāore tēnei tikanga e tango katoa i ngā rimurimu, engari ka whakapai ake i te angitu o te patu rimurimu matū. Ko te patu rimurimu matū ko te tāpiri i ngā patu rimurimu hei tango i ngā rimurimu, hei aukati rānei i tō rātou tipu. Nā te mea he puhoi te pānga o ngā patu rimurimu ki te patu rimurimu, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei aukati i ngā rimurimu. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o ngā patu rimurimu:
- Te patu algicide tote ammonia polyquaternary:He momo patu algicide utu nui tēnei, engari he pai ake tana mahi i ētahi atu patu algicide, kāore e pupuhi, kāore hoki e puta te unahi me te tae.
- Te patu mate tote ammonia kuawhā:He iti te utu o tēnei patu kawakawa, he pai te hua, ā, kāore e puta he kiriuhi, he tae rānei. Engari ka puta he huka, ka kino hoki te tātari.
- Parahi kua whakakōpiritia:Koinei te patu karengo tino noa, ehara i te mea he iti te utu, engari he pai hoki te pānga ki te patu i ngā karengo. Heoi, ko te whakamahi i te patu karengo parahi chelated ka ngawari ki te kiriuhi me te poke, ā, kāore e whakaaetia i ētahi wāhi.
Pāwhiritia te hononga hei tiro i ngā taipitopito mō te hua
1.6.4 Me pēhea te whakaoti i te raruraru rimurimu
- Tuatahi, whiriwhiria te patu kapia e tika ana. He maha ngā momo matū patu kapia e tukuna ana e tā mātou kamupene, tae atu ki te Super Algicide, te Strong Algicide, te Quarter Algicide, te Blue Algicide, me ētahi atu, ka taea te aukati i te tipu o te kapia me te huakita, me te waihanga i tētahi taiao kaukau haumaru mō ngā kaihoe.
- Tuarua, mirimirihia ngā rimurimu e piri ana ki ngā pakitara me te raro o te puna kaukau ki te paraihe.
- Tuatoru, whakamātauria te kounga o te wai, tae atu ki te taumata o te haukini kore utu me te pH. Ko te haukini kore utu tētahi o ngā tohu o te kaha patu huakita, ā, ka taea e te pH te whakarato i tētahi taiao pumau mō ētahi atu matū puna kaukau.
- Tuawhā, tāpirihia ngā patu kapia ki te wai puna kaukau, ka taea e ēnei te patu pai i ngā kapia.
- Tuarima, tāpirihia ngā patu huakita ki roto i te puna kaukau, he mea pai tēnei hei āwhina i te patu huakita kia mahi, kia tere ake ai te whakaoti rapanga o te huakita.
- Tuaono, kia rere tonu te pūnaha tohanga toto. Mā te rere tonu o ngā taputapu kaukau ka taea e ngā matū kaukau te tae atu ki ngā kokonga katoa, kia kapi katoa ai te kaukau.
- Hei whakamutunga, i muri i te otinga o ngā mahi o runga ake nei, me horoi te tātari onepu ki muri kia pai ai te mahi a te taputapu.
He Wāhanga Nui hoki o te Tiaki Puna Kaukau te Tiaki Auau
Hei pupuri i te ma me te mārama o te puna kaukau mō te wā roa, haunga te whakatika i ngā take kounga wai i runga ake nei, he mea nui anō hoki te tiaki i te puna kaukau i ia rā.
2.1 Whakamātauria te Kounga o te Wai i ia Wā
Ko te kounga o te wai te kaupapa matua o te tiaki i ngā puna kaukau. Ko te whakamātautau auau i te taumata pH, te haurore kore utu, te kawakore katoa me ētahi atu tohu matua i roto i te wai te taahiraa tuatahi hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kounga o te wai. Ki te nui rawa, ki te iti rawa rānei te pH, ehara i te mea ka pā ki te hua patu huakita anake, engari ka pāngia hoki te kiri me ngā kanohi e te riri. Nō reira, he mahi nui mō te tiaki i ia rā te whakarerekē i te kounga o te wai i te wā tika kia rite ki ngā hua o te whakamātautau, me te pupuri i roto i te awhe pai.
2.2 Tiakina te Pūnaha Tātari
He mea nui te pūnaha tātari o te puna kaukau hei pupuri i te wai kia mārama, kia ma. Ko te horoi, te whakakapi rānei i te rauemi tātari i ia wā, me te tirotiro i te mahi a te papu me te paipa kia pai ai te rere o te wai, koinei te pūtake o te pupuri i te mahi pai o te pūnaha tātari. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te huringa horoi whakamuri tika te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te rauemi tātari me te whakapai ake i te pānga tātari.
2.3 Horoia te Puna Kaukau
Ko te horoi i te mata o te puna kaukau me te pakitara o te puna kaukau te kaupapa matua o te tiaki i ia rā. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu horoi ngaio, pērā i te paraihe puna kaukau, te mīhini momi, me ētahi atu, hei tango i ngā mea e mānu ana i runga i te mata o te puna kaukau, te paru o te pakitara puna kaukau me te paru o raro o te puna kaukau, ka taea te pupuri i te ataahua me te haumaru o te puna kaukau. I taua wā, kia tupato ki te tirotiro mēnā kei te ora tonu ngā taera me ētahi atu rauemi, ā, me whakatika i ngā kino i te wā tika, kia kore ai e para te wai.
2.4 Te Tiaki Ārai
Haunga te horoi me te tirotiro i ia rā, he mea nui anō hoki te tiaki ā-tau. Hei tauira, me whakapakari ake te tirotiro i te pūnaha waikeri i mua i te wā ua hei ārai i te rerenga mai o te wai ua. Whakaotihia te whakahou me te tiaki i ngā taputapu i mua i te wā tino pai hei whakarite kia mau tonu te mahi a te puna kaukau i te wā tino pai. Ka taea e ēnei mahi te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pakaru ohorere, me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te puna kaukau.
I te nuinga o te wā, he mahi uaua, he mahi tino tika hoki te tiaki i ngā puna kaukau, e hiahia ana ki te kaha me te manawanui nui mai i ngā kaiwhakahaere puna kaukau. Mēnā ka mahi pai mātou i te tiaki auau me te whakamahi tika i ngā matū puna kaukau, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i tētahi taiao puna kaukau tino pai, hauora hoki mō ngā kaihoe. Mēnā he pātai āu, tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou. Hei kaihanga matua mō ngā matū puna kaukau i Haina, ka taea e mātou te whakarato tohutohu ngaio me ngā hua utu-pai.
