Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)—e mōhiotia whānuitia ana koPDDMAC or PolyDADMAC—he pūhui kationika tino whai hua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te maimoatanga wai ā-tāone me ngā ahumahi. Hei whakapūmau kaha-utu, he mea nui tana mahi ki te tango i te paru, te whakamaroke paru, te tango tae, me te wehenga totoka-wai.
Heoi, ahakoa te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga, he maha ngā whare maimoatanga wai e mahi ana i ngā hapa ka taea te karo i te wā e whiriwhiri ana, e ine ana, e whakamahi ana hoki i te PDADMAC. Ka taea e ēnei hapa te arahi ki te whakahekenga o te mahi whakahekenga, te pikinga o te rahinga paru, te para matū, ngā mōrearea tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me ngā utu whakahaere koretake.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou:
- Ngā hapa tino noa o te taupānga PDADMAC
- Ngā take hangarau mō ngā raruraru mahi
- Ngā rautaki arotau whai hua
- Ngā tohutohu a ngā tohunga mō ngā pūnaha ā-tāone me ngā pūnaha ahumahi
Kua tuhia tēnei aratohu hei tautoko i ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu, i ngā miihini maimoatanga wai, me ngā tohunga hokohoko matū e hiahia ana ki te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ā rātou kaupapa flocculant.
He aha te hiranga o te PDADMAC?
He homopolymer cationic te PDADMAC i hangaia mai i ngā monomers diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Ko tana mahi matua mā roto i:
- Te whakakore i te utu
- Te whakapōrearea o te matūriki
- Te whakapūmau i te rere o te wai
Ko ōna āhuatanga matua ko:
- Teitei o te kiato utu cationic
- He pai te wairewa i roto i te wai
- Te pumau puta noa i te whānuitanga pH
- Hototahi ki ngā matū whakakōkī kore-waro pērā i te PAC me te alum
He mea whakamahi noa i roto i:
- Te maimoatanga wai inu ā-tāone
- Te maimoatanga waipara ahumahi
- Te whakamārama i te wai para o te mira pepa
- Te whakakorenga tae o te wai para i roto i ngā kakahu
- Te whakamātotoru me te whakamaroke i te paru
Ahakoa ōna painga, ki te kore e tika te whakamahinga, ka tino whakaitihia tōna whai huatanga.
He Hapa Noa #1: Te Inenga Hē (Te Inenga Nui, Te Inenga Iti rānei)
He aha i tupu ai
He maha ngā kaiwhakahaere e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā reiti horopeta pumau, kaua ki te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau ipu noa.Ka rerekē te kounga o te wai i ia rā nā:
- Ngā huringa o te pōuriuri awe
- Ngā rerekētanga o te wā
- Ngā rerekētanga o te tukunga ahumahi
- Ngā kaupapa ua
Ngā Hua o te Inenga Iti
- Te hanganga ngoikore o te floc
- Te nui o te paru i roto i te wai kua rongoatia
- Te pikinga o te kawenga i runga i te tātari o raro
Ngā Huanga o te Hokonga Nui rawa
- Te whakau anō i ngā matūriki
- Te nui haere o te rōrahi paru
- Te utu matū teitei ake
- Ngā take polymer toenga
Te Mahi Pai rawa atu
- Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau ipu auau
- Whakatikatikahia te horopeta i runga i te turbidity me te zeta potential
- Aroturuki taupū rōrahi paru (SVI)
Mā te arotau i te horopeta ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu matū mā te 10–25% i roto i te maha o ngā pūnaha.
Hapa Noa #2: Te Whakahāwea i te Kōwhiringa Taumaha Ngota
Kāore e ōrite katoa ngā hua PDADMAC. Ka pāngia te mahi e ngā taumaha ngota rerekē.
Taumaha Iti o te Ngota
- Te whakakore tere i te utu
- He pai mō te wai iti te paru
Taumaha Ngota Teitei
- Te kaha pai ake ki te hono
- He pai mō ngā wai para totoka whakatārewatia teitei
Mā te whakamahi i te taumaha ngota hē ka hua ake ēnei āhuatanga:
- Ngā pūnga ngoikore
- Te noho rawakore
- Te paru nui rawa
- Te Mahi Pai rawa atu
Mahi tahi me tētahi kaiwhakarato PDADMAC pono hei whakataurite i:
- Ngā āhuatanga o te wai
- Ngā taumata paru
- Ngā ihirangi rauropi
- Ngā whāinga maimoatanga
He mea nui te tirotiro taiwhanga i mua i te whakamahinga whānui.
Hapa Noa #3: Ngā Āhuatanga Whakaranu Kino
Ko te mahi a te PDADMAC e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaranu tika.
Kāore i te Rawaka te Whakaranu
- Te tohatoha pūmua kore taurite
- Te whakakorenga utu kāore i oti
- Te nui rawa o te horopeta ā-rohe
Te whakaranu nui rawa
- Te kutikuti i ngā putunga kua hangaia
- Te rahi o te floc kua whakaitihia
- Te mahi taunga ngoikore
Rautaki Whakaranu Tino Pai
- Te whakaranu tere mō te mararatanga tuatahi (hēkona)
- Te whakaranu mārie i te ranunga (meneti)
- Āta karohia ngā papu kutikuti-teitei i muri i te hanganga o te floc
Me tautoko te hoahoa ā-mīhini me te wā pupuri waipēhi i te tipu o te floc.
Hapa Noa #4: Te Whakakotahitanga Kāore e Hototahi ki Ētahi Atu Matū
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia te PDADMAC me:
- Pūhaumāota Polyaluminium (PAC)
- Konumohe
- Polyacrylamide (PAM)
Ka taea e te raupapatanga inenga hē te whakaiti i te whai huatanga.
Tauira o te Raupapa Hē
Mā te tāpiri i te PDADMAC i muri i te whakapūpūtanga o ngā mea, ka pakaru pea ngā mea whakapūpū, kaua e whakakaha.
Te Raupapa Inenga i Manakohia
- Kaiwhakapūmau kore-waro (PAC, konumohe rānei)
- PDADMAC mō te whakakore i te utu
- PAM (mēnā e hiahiatia ana) hei hono
Mā te raupapatanga tika ka pai ake te tango i te paru me te whakakīkī i te paru.
Hapa Noa #5: Te kore e whakarerekē i te pH me te pāmahana
Ahakoa he whānui te awhe pH e mahi ai te PDADMAC, he rerekē tonu te mahi.
Ngā Āhuatanga pH Iti
- Te whakarei ake i te whakakorenga utu
- Te tere ake o te hanganga o te floc
Ngā Āhuatanga pH Teitei
- Te whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te toto totoka
- Te pikinga o te hiahia matū
Ka pā anō hoki te pāmahana ki:
- Te tere o te tauhohenga
- Te tere o te taunga
- Te matotoru
Te Mahi Pai rawa atu
- Aroturukihia te pH i ia wā
- Whakatikatikahia te horopeta o te rongoā whakapūkara i te hotoke
- Whakanuia te wā pupuri i te hua i ngā wā makariri
He mea nui te arotau i ngā wā o te tau mō te mahi pumau.
Hapa Noa #6: Te Rokiroki me te Whakahaere Kino
He pūhui wai te PDADMAC. Ka taea e te penapena koretake te whakaiti i te kounga o te hua.
Ngā Hapa Rokiroki Noa
- Te pānga ki te rā tika
- Ngā pāmahana tio
- Te poke mai i ngā tāke paru
Ka pā pea ēnei raruraru ki:
- Te whakaiti i te ngohe
- Te matotoru kua piki ake
- Te roa o te oranga kua whakaitihia
Ngā Taunakitanga Rokiroki
- Penapena ki te 5–30°C
- Whakamahia ngā tāke ātete-waikura
- Āraia te noho roa ki ngā pāmahana tino kino
- Kia mau tonu ngā pūnaha inenga ma
Ko te hekenga o te kounga ka hua ake te koretake o te mahi maimoatanga.
Hapa Noa #7: Te Whakahāwea i ngā Pānga o te Whakahaere Para
He nui te pānga o te PDADMAC ki ngā āhuatanga o te paru.
Mā te horopeta hē ka hua ake pea ēnei āhuatanga:
- Te nui o te hanga paru
- He ngoikore te whai huatanga o te whakamaroke wai
- Te pikinga o ngā utu whakakorenga
Ka taea e te inenga kua arotauhia:
- Whakaitihia te rahinga o te paru
- Whakapai ake i te maroke o te keke
- Ngā utu kawe iti iho
Me whai whakaaro ki te whakahaere paru i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā mea e whakapūmau ana i te waikura.
Hapa Noa #8: Te Kore o te Aroturukitanga Mahi Auau
He maha ngā whare hanga kāore e whakatinana ana i te whakahaere matū e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga.
Ngā Tohu Aroturuki Hira
- Te Pūriri (NTU)
- Te tango i te COD
- Pūmanawa Zeta
- Taupū rōrahi paru
- Te whakamahinga o te pūmua mō ia m³
Ki te kore e whai i ēnei tawhā, ka noho hei mahi whakapae noa iho te arotautanga.
Hapa Noa #9: Te Kōwhiri i runga i te Utu Anake
Tērā pea kei roto i ngā hua iti te utu:
- Te iti o te mātotoru utu
- Taumaha ngota kore taurite
- Te rerekētanga o te kounga
Mā te PDADMAC kounga teitei ake ka whakaiti i te utu katoa nā:
- Te iti o te whakaritenga horopeta
- Te whakapai ake i te whakakī paru
- Te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi o te pūnaha
Ko te utu katoa o te maimoatanga he mea nui ake i te utu kotahi.
Hapa Noa #10: Te Whakakore i te Whakamātautau Paerua i mua i te Tono Tauine Katoa
He motuhake ia puna waipara.
He rerekē ngā wai para ahumahi i waenga i:
- Ngā wheketere kakahu
- Ngā mira pepa
- Ngā whare tukatuka kai
- Ngā mahi keri
- Mā te whakamātautau paerata ka whakarite kia:
- Kōwhiringa hua tika
- Te whānuitanga horopeta tika
- Manatoko hototahitanga
Ka nui ake te mōrearea whakahaere mēnā ka tīpokahia tēnei taahiraa.
Me pēhea te arotau i te mahi a te PDADMAC i roto i te maimoatanga wai
Hipanga 1:
Whakahaerehia te Tātaritanga Wai Whānui
Tātarihia:
- Te pōuriuri
- COD/BOD
- Ngā totoka whakatārewatia
- pH
- Te pāmahana
- Te kawe i te hiko
Hipanga 2:
Whakamātautauhia te Ipu Taiwhanga
Whakatauira:
- Ngā taumata horopeta rerekē
- Ngā taumaha ngota rerekē
- Ngā raupapatanga horopeta rerekē
Hipanga 3:
Whakatinanahia ngā Whakamātautau Papa Whakahaere
Tīmata ki te inenga ātaahua, me te aroturuki:
- Te wā whakatau
- Ngā āhuatanga o te paru
- Utaina tātari
Hipanga 4:
Whakatūria ngā Tikanga Whakahaere Paerewa
Tuhinga:
- Ngā reiti horopeta
- Te kaha o te whakaranu
- Ngā whakarerekētanga ā-wā
Mā te ōritetanga ka pumau te mahi maimoatanga.
PDADMAC i roto i ngā Taupānga Tāone me ngā Taupānga Ahumahi
Te Maimoatanga Wai Inu ā-Rohe
Ngā wāhanga arotahi:
- He iti te pōuri
- Te tutuki i ngā ture
- Ngā toenga iti rawa
He maha ngā hapa e pā ana ki te nui rawa o te horopeta me te koretake o te whakaranu.
Te Maimoatanga Wai Para Ahumahi
Ngā wāhanga arotahi:
- Teitei o te COD
- Ngā totoka whakatārewatia teitei
- Te hanganga rerekē
He maha ngā hapa e pā ana ki te kōwhiringa hua hē me te kore o ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau.
Mā te nui rawa o te horomanga ka taea te whakau anō i ngā matūriki (te paru kapua), te whakanui ake i te rahinga o te paru, me te whakapiki ake i ngā utu matū.
Ae, engari ka heke pea te mahi, ā, he maha ngā wā e tika ana kia whakarerekētia te horopeta.
Āe. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te PDADMAC me te PAC hei whakanui ake i te toto totoka.
Āe. Ka pā te taumaha ngota ki te kaha piriti me te kaha o te floc.
He matū whakapūkara kaha, he maha hoki ngā whakamahinga o te PDADMAC mō te maimoatanga wai. Heoi, ko tōna mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whiriwhiri tika, te arotau i te horopeta, te whakaranu tika, me te aroturukitanga pūnaha.
Ko ngā hapa tino kitea—te inenga hē, te whakaranu koretake, ngā huinga matū kāore e hototahi, te whakamātautau koretake, me te rokiroki koretake—ka tino whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga me te whakapiki i ngā utu whakahaere.
Mā te whakatinana i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga, ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau, me te whakahaere matū e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, ka taea e ngā tipu maimoatanga wai te:
- Whakapai ake i te tango i te paru
- Whakaitihia te rahinga o te paru
- Te utu maimoatanga iti iho
- Whakapai ake i te pumau o te pūnaha
Mō ngā tohunga maimoatanga wai, ko te arotau i te tono PDADMAC ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūmua anake—engari ko te hoahoa i tētahi rautaki totoka katoa, whai hua hoki.
Mena kei te rapu koe i ngā aratohu hangarau, i ngā otinga PDADMAC kounga teitei rānei mō te maimoatanga wai ā-tāone, ā-umanga rānei, he mea nui te mahi tahi me tētahi kaiwhakarato mātau e whakarato ana i te tautoko taiwhanga me ngā taunakitanga ritenga kia angitu ai te mahi mō te wā roa.
Wā tuku: Maehe-03-2026
