Me pēhea te whakapai ake a PolyDADMAC i te maimoatanga i mua i ngā hangarau tango PFAS

Ngā Kaupapa Matua mō te Ture mō te PFAS i Parani me te Kotahitanga o Ūropi

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  Ka tino whai mana ngā uara tawhā PFAS i whakatūria i raro i te Ture Whakahaere (EU) 2020/2184 puta noa i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. E tumanakohia ana kia tutuki i ngā kaiwhakarato wai ngā herenga ā-ture mō te PFAS i roto i te wai inu, ā, ka nui haere te hiranga o te maimoatanga i mua i te whakamahinga me te arotautanga maimoatanga matatau.

Ahakoa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā hangarau pēnei i te waro whakahohe granular (GAC), te whakawhiti katote, te nanofiltration (NF), me te osmosis whakamuri (RO) hei whakaiti i te PFAS, ko tōna whai huatanga e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te kounga o te wai e tae mai ana. Ka taea e ngā kukū tiketike o ngā totoka whakatārewatia, ngā matūriki colloidal, te pōuri, me ngā mea rauropi taiao (NOM) te whakatere i te poke o te kiriuhi, te whakanui ake i te uta waro whakahohe, me te whakapiki i ngā utu whakahaere.

I tēnei horopaki, kua nui haere te hiranga o te whakapūmau me te whakamārama whai hua.PolyDADMACmekaua e kiia he matū mō te tango tika i te PFAS. Engari, he matū whakapūkara cationic teitei-utu e whakarei ake ana i te maimoatanga o mua mā te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakapūkara, te whakaiti i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, me te waihanga i ngā tikanga whakahaere pai ake mō ngā hangarau maimoatanga PFAS o muri mai.

Me pēhea te whakapai ake a PolyDADMAC i te mahi toto totoka

PolyDADMAChe matotoru te utupūmua kationikae whakamahia whānuitia ana hei kaiwhakapūmau tuatahi, hei āwhina rānei i te whakapūmau i roto i te wai inu me te maimoatanga wai ahumahi. He rerekē ki ngā kaiwhakapūmau kore-waro e whakawhirinaki ana ki te waikura tote whakarewa, ko te mahi matua a PolyDADMAC mā te whakakore i te utu, me te whakakore tere i ngā matūriki me ngā colloid i whakatārewatia he utu kino hei whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā flocs nui ake, kiato ake.

Mā tēnei hanganga pai ake o te floc ka pai ake te wehenga totoka-wai i te wā o te whakatō me te tātari, ka iti ake te pōuri me te whakaiti i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia i roto i te wai kua rongoatia. Mā te whakaputa i ngā floc kaha ake, kiato ake, ka taea hoki e PolyDADMAC te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamārama i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te wai mata, ka āwhina i ngā whare maimoatanga kia mau tonu te mahi pumau.

I roto i ngā pūnaha maimoatanga wai hou, he nui ake te whai huatanga o te whakapūmau i te taahiraa maimoatanga mua noa iho—e whakatakoto ana i te turanga mō ngā tukanga o muri mai. Mā te wai ma e uru ana ki ngā wae maimoatanga matatau ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te utaina matūriki kore e hiahiatia, te whakapai ake i te pumau o te mahi, me te tautoko i te whai huatanga whānui o ngā hangarau pēnei i te mimiti waro whakahohe me te tātari kiriuhi.

Ahakoa kāore i hangaia te PolyDADMAC hei tango tika i te PFAS, nā tōna kaha ki te whakapai ake i te whakapūmau me te whakamārama ka waiho hei matū maimoatanga whai hua i roto i ngā tereina maimoatanga e whakamahia ana ngā hangarau tango PFAS matatau. Mā te whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai i mua i te taenga atu ki ēnei tukanga o raro, ka whai wāhi te PolyDADMAC ki tētahi pūnaha maimoatanga whānui e pono ake ana, e whai hua ake ana hoki.

Te Whakaiti i ngā Mea Totoka i Whakatārewatia i mua i te Maimoatanga Matatau

Ko ngā matū totoka kua whakatārewatia tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te mahi a ngā tukanga maimoatanga wai matatau. Ka taea e ngā matūriki angiangi, ngā korori, me ētahi atu rauemi kore e rewa te haere mā te maimoatanga o mua kāore i te tika, ka piki ake te taumahatanga ki ngā waeine maimoatanga o raro, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki.

Mā te whakarei ake i te whakapūmau me te hanganga o te floc, ka āwhina a PolyDADMAC ki te tango i ngā totoka iri i te wā e whakamārama ana me te whakatō. Ka tere ake te taunga o ngā floc nui ake, matotoru ake, ka hua ake he wai mārama ake e uru ana ki ngā wāhanga maimoatanga o muri mai.

He maha ngā painga whakahaere o te whakaiti i ngā matū totoka i whakatārewatia i mua i te maimoatanga matatau, tae atu ki:

• Te iti o te utaina matūriki i runga i ngā pūnaha maimoatanga o raro
• Te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamārama me te tātari
• He mahi pumau ake i raro i ngā āhuatanga wai mata e rerekē haere ana
• Te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga tiaki mō ngā tukanga maimoatanga e whai ake nei

Ahakoa ehara ngā totoka i te PFAS, mā te whakaiti i tō rātou aroaro i te wā o mua o te maimoatanga ka pai ake ngā āhuatanga mahi mō ngā hangarau matatau pēnei i te waro whakahohe me te tātari kiriuhi. Mā tēnei ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te arotahi ki te tango i ngā poke whaitake, kaua ki te whakahaere i ngā matūriki nui rawa, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga whānui me te pono o te mahi.

Whakaitihia te poke o te kiriuhi mā te whakamārama pai ake

Ko ngā hangarau membrane pēnei i te ultrafiltration (UF), te nanofiltration (NF), me te reverse osmosis (RO) kei te piki haere te whakamahinga i roto i te maimoatanga wai hou nā te mea he nui te pai o te wehenga. Heoi, ko te mahi membrane e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whai hua o te maimoatanga o mua. Ko ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, ngā matūriki colloidal, me ngā mea rauropi taiao (NOM) kāore i te tangohia tika ka kohia ki runga i ngā mata membrane, ka arahi ki te paru, te heke o te rere o te wai, me te horoi pinepine.

Mā te whakapai ake i te whakapūmau me te whakamārama, ka āwhina a PolyDADMAC ki te whakaiti i te kawenga matūriki e uru ana ki ngā pūnaha membrane. Mā te tango pai ake i ngā matūriki angiangi me ngā colloid i runga ake ka whai wāhi ki te hanga i te influent ma, ka taea ai e ngā membrane te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga pumau ake.

Ahakoa kāore a PolyDADMAC e ārai tika i te paru o te kiriuhi, mā te arotau i te maimoatanga o mua ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te paru o ngā matūriki, te whakaiti i te auau horoi, me te tautoko i ngā huringa mahi roa ake. Hei wāhanga o tētahi tukanga maimoatanga whakauru, ka āwhina te whakamārama whai hua ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga whānui me te pono o ngā pūnaha tātari kiriuhi o raro.

Ngā tono PolyDADMAC i roto i te maimoatanga wai ā-tāone me te ahumahi

E whakamahia whānuitia ana te PolyDADMAC i roto i ngā maimoatanga wai ā-tāone me ngā ahumahi nā te mea he nui te kiato o te utu cationic, he tere te mahi totoka, ā, he hototahi ki ngā momo tukanga maimoatanga. Ka taea te whakamahi hei matū totoka tuatahi, hei āwhina rānei i te matū totoka hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamārama i raro i ngā āhuatanga wai mata rerekē.

I roto i te maimoatanga wai inu ā-tāone, ka whakamahia whānuitia te PolyDADMAC hei whakaiti i te paru, ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, me ngā matūriki colloidal i mua i te tātari me te patu huakita. Mā te maimoatanga whai hua i mua i te wai ka āwhina i te pumau o te kounga o te wai me te whakapai ake i te mahi o ngā tukanga maimoatanga o raro, inā koa i ngā puna wai mata i reira ka pā kino ngā huringa o te wā ki te kounga o te wai.

I roto i te maimoatanga wai ahumahi, ka whakamahia te PolyDADMAC puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā rāngai, tae atu ki te kai me te inu, te penupenu me te pepa, te kakahu, te hanga matū, te keri, me te whakamahinga anō o te wai para. Mā te whakapai ake i te wehenga totoka-wai me te whai huatanga o te whakamārama, ka āwhina i te arotau i te mahi maimoatanga me te tautoko i te mahi pumau ake o te tipu.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua i te Wā e Kōwhiria ana te PolyDADMAC

I te aromatawai i te PolyDADMAC mō te maimoatanga wai ā-tāone, ā-umanga rānei, whakaarohia ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

Ko te whiriwhiri i te taumata PolyDADMAC tika me arotake marie i te kounga o tō wai, ngā whāinga maimoatanga, me ngā whakaritenga hua. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki tētahi tirohanga whānui ake o ngā paearu whiriwhiri matua, tirohia tā mātou tuhinga e pā ana:Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te PolyDADMAC tika: He aratohu whiriwhiri whai hua.E kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga nui pēnei i te taumaha ngota ngota, te mātotoru utu, te matotoru, te ihirangi hohe, me ngā taunakitanga motuhake ki te tono.

Whakamutunga

Ahakoa kāore i hangaia te PolyDADMAC hei tango tika i te PFAS, he mahi tautoko nui tāna mā te whakapai ake i te whakapūmau me te whakamārama, te whakaiti i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, me te waihanga i te waikura ma mō ngā pūnaha maimoatanga o raro. Ka taea e ēnei painga te āwhina i te tautoko i te mahi waro whakahohe, te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te poke o te kiriuhi, me te whai wāhi ki te whakahaere tipu pumau me te whai hua.

I a Parani me te Kotahitanga o Ūropi e whakapakari tonu ana i ngā ture PFAS, kei te aro nui ngā whare maimoatanga wai ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te pono o ā rātou tukanga maimoatanga. Mō ngā ratonga wai ā-tāone me ngā ratonga ahumahi, ko te arotau i te maimoatanga o mua kei te noho hei rautaki nui hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kounga wai e tino kaha haere ana. Mā te whiriwhiri i te PolyDADMAC tika me te arotau i tana tono mā te whakamātautau tika ka āwhina i te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga whānui me te tautoko i te mahi roa o ngā tukanga maimoatanga wai matatau.